Comparison betweent the effects of swimming and treadmill-based aerobic training protocols in diabetic rats / Comparação entre os efeitos de natação e protocolos de treinamento aeróbio em esteira em ratos diabéticos

Background: Type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1) can cause damage to several physiological systems.Objectives: To compare and characterize the effects of aerobic exercise training (ET) performed by swimming with those of ET performed on a treadmill on the skeletal muscle and heart of rats with DM1. Methods: 41 male Wistar rats were randomized into four groups: nondiabetic control (CTR), diabetic control (DMC), diabetic trained on the treadmill (DMT), and diabetic trained by swimming (DMS). The trained groups performed aerobic exercise training for 8 weeks, 5 times a week, 60 min per day. Exercise tolerance, blood glucose, body weight, wet weight of the skeletal muscles and left ventricle (LV), muscle glycogen, cross-sectional area of skeletal muscles, and cross-sectional diameter and collagen volume fraction of the LV were evaluated.Results: The results were expressed as mean ± standard deviation of the mean and submitted to two-way ANOVA with post-hoc Bonferroni test. Aerobic ET protocols applied to animals with DM1, regardless of the ergometer, showed satisfactory results (p < 0.05) when compared to the control groups: improved exercise tolerance, increased glycogen content of the soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles and increased cross-sectional diameter of the left ventricular cardiomyocytes. In some variables, such as exercise tolerance and cross-sectional area of the soleus and EDL muscles, DMT showed better results than DMS (p < 0.05). On the other hand, DMS showed increased cross-sectional diameter of cardiomyocytes when compared with the DMT group. Conclusion: Both aerobic ET protocols offered benefits to animals with diabetes; however, due to the specific characteristics of each modality, different physiological adaptations were observed between the trained groups

Advice from the Scientific Advisory Board of the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons on riot control agents in connection to the Chemical Weapons Convention.

Compounds that cause powerful sensory irritation to humans were reviewed by the Scientific Advisory Board (SAB) of the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) in response to requests in 2014 and 2017 by the OPCW Director-General to advise which riot control agents (RCAs) might be subject to declaration under the Chemical Weapons Convention (the "Convention"). The chemical and toxicological properties of 60 chemicals identified from a survey by the OPCW of RCAs that had been researched or were available for purchase, and additional chemicals recognised by the SAB as having potential RCA applications, were considered. Only 17 of the 60 chemicals met the definition of a RCA under the Convention. These findings were provided to the States Parties of the Convention to inform the implementation of obligations pertaining to RCAs under this international chemical disarmament and non-proliferation treaty.

Prevenção da infecção pelo vírus sincicial respiratório em recém-nascidos prematuros

A infecção do trato respiratório pelo VSR (vírus sincicial respiratório) constitui uma das doenças mais freqüentes e graves no primeiro ano de vida, principalmente em crianças menores de seis meses de idade, em recém-nascidos (RNs) pré-termo, naqueles portadores de displasia pulmonar (D.B.P.), cardiopatia congênita grave e imunodeficiência. é considerada uma das causas mais importantes de mortalidade nesta faixa etária, além de serem mais comuns durante o outono e o inverno(meses de abril agosto) com conseqüente aumento do número de internações hospitalares por insuficiência respiratória e desenvolvimento de quadro asmático. O medicamento palivizumabe é um anticorpo monoclonal humanizado específico contra o VSR...